Literacy

EMILIA FERREIRO

"Who literacy texts with varying prepare better for the Internet?"

Since the 1980s, you can not deal with literacy without talking about Emilia Ferreiro. The Argentine psicolingüista, disciple of Jean Piaget, has revolutionized the knowledge that it had on the acquisition of reading and writing when launched, with Ana Teberosky, the book Psicogênese of written language, which describes the stages through which children spend up to understand the read and write. In ferrenha critical book, she argues that students, even illiterate, must have contact with various types of text. After more than two decades, the issue remains under the spotlight of the researcher, who is unworthy to those who believe the method fônico of literacy, based on exercises to train the correspondence between graphemes and phonemes.

What is to be literate today?

I believe the literacy not a state but a process. He begins and ends sooner rather than never. We are not literate in any situation also for using the written language. We find it easier to read certain texts and avoid others. The concept also changes according to the seasons, crops and the arrival of technology.

The lady maintains the importance of taking the student to reflect on writing, since that is how he learns. What is your view on the method fônico (based on previous training of correspondence between graphemes and phonemes)?

I do not accept discussing literacy today in the same manner that is discussed in the 1920s. The proponents of the method fônico not take into account a given that we know today is fundamental, which is the level of awareness on children's writing. Ignore it and thinks it is in a position to write from an early age is a setback. I do not admit that the banning of writing. Fônico The tradition has always been dominant in the Anglo-Saxons. And you can learn to read before you write. Fortunately it is not what happens in Latin countries.

What is that phonological awareness?

It is the opportunity to voluntarily spoken with certain transactions that are not spontaneous. You can say a word, "part", for example, then omit the first segment fônico. "Ado" does not mean anything. This can be a fun game. The language has the property to be split into units of different types until you come to the letters. Here I can not divide anymore. This is a human ability. The division into syllables occurs in almost all cultures.
"Ignore the child is able to think and write from an early age is a step backwards"

How does it acquire the phonological awareness?

Since small part, of course, games in which each syllable corresponds to a palm, for example. The only division not that occurs naturally in development is in units smaller than a syllable, ie phonemes. An illiterate adult and a child illiterate can not do that so spontaneously. When I get the oral language, I have some ability to distinguish fônico, but not distinguish leg of knock. But it seems that this works in a world completely unconscious.

What comes first, the acquisition of the letter or the phonological awareness?

As the child gets closer to alphabetic writing, its analytical capacity of the oral also allows analysis of ever-smaller pieces of what is spoken. The discussion is: because the two things occur at the same time, I must first develop the phonological hoping that it applies to the writing? Or can I enter the student in writing so there is a contribution to their phonological awareness? I think the second option. This is a result of his contact with the texts of their effort to write and work in small groups, where he discussed with colleagues the need to use certain letters.

This relationship between phonological awareness and the acquisition of the alphabetic system has been studied by researchers?


Published an article in 1999 on a study of children with a mean age of 5 years and 7 months in Mexico. Past there were tasks that the phonological awareness of students, that is, if they were able to analyze words in pieces smaller than syllables. At the same time, they performed exercises that investigating their level of conceptualization of writing. The children were from pre-school and were not being literate. The results showed extremely high correlation between the level of awareness of written and oral contexts in the clippings. Two American researchers have just published a study with children in English that those conclusions are presented.

With the Internet, has changed the profile of the player. In contact with the network, there is a difference in the performance of students in these two methodologies literate?

While I have immediate access to children's newspapers, magazines, books, literature, dictionaries, encyclopedias. The trend of who does not share in my opinion is to have books with serial levels of difficulty. With the advent of the Internet was also the intertextual space more and more varied that there is more to what a library. That is, who is literate texts with varying prepare your class for the Internet far more than who does a work showing a letrinha first and then the other. To use the computer and the Internet we must confront the entire alphabet at the same time. In the keyboard, the letters appear together - and, as it was not enough, out of order.
"Literacy in place of literacy, fine. The coexistence of two terms do not work"

In addition to literacy, today we talk a lot in literacy. From where comes the end?

The word literacy is translation of literacy. In its origin, it means literacy and more. If you go into any search mechanism and type "literacy" appear many addresses. It is a series of combinations with that term, such as computer literacy, showing that the current meaning of that word in English is expertise, knowledge is Tuesday. But it is very important to understand that the term computer literacy no means the ability to use the language written by a computer. Its significance is the ability to use the commands of the machine, to enter a word processor and elementary programs.


Literacy is the best translation for literacy?

No. It is written culture. And it has no beginning after learning of the code. Occurs, for example, at the time an adult reads aloud to a child - and the middle-class families this occurs well before the start of school. In other words, the process of literacy is triggered with access to written culture.

The literacy is a concept or is just a new fashions?

Some time ago, discovered in Brazil that could use the term literacy. And what happened to literacy? Became synonymous with decoding. Literacy has become the be in contact with different types of text, to understand what you read. This is a setback. I deny to accept a period of decoding prior to that in what is going to perceive the social function of the text. Is reason to believe that the old phonological awareness.

It is essential to use the term literacy, then?

I do not use the word literacy. If there were a vote and decided that it would prefer to use literacy for literacy, fine. The terms of coexistence is not leading.